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Glaciology and Cryosphere

Monitoring of Himalayan glaciers relevant to regional water security. Muon tomography for non-invasive ice-bedrock imaging, black carbon deposition measurement, and glacier mass balance studies — contributing to GLOF risk assessment.
Planned

Watching the water towers of Asia

Himalayan glaciers feed the rivers that hundreds of millions of people depend on, and they are changing fast. HICS's cryosphere work focuses on what can be measured locally and openly: how much ice there is, how black carbon deposition darkens and melts it, and how the risk of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) evolves — a danger made vivid by the 2024 Thame valley GLOF.

GLOF
outburst flood risk
growing as glacial lakes swell — 2024 Thame
non-invasive
measurement goal
image and monitor ice without drilling

Including muons through ice

One of the most striking tools is muography: because cosmic ray muons are absorbed in proportion to the mass they pass through, measuring how the muon flux is attenuated along a line of sight reveals the density and thickness of the ice and bedrock above — an ice-bedrock scan with no drilling.

Muon attenuation through matter: X is the column density (ice + rock) along the line of sight; the measured flux ratio maps the structure. The same physics as the muon programme, pointed sideways into a glacier.
Muography (ice-bedrock imaging)

Directional muon flux attenuation gives metre-scale images of the ice-bedrock interface — see the Muon Physics programme.

Black-carbon deposition

Soot deposited on snow darkens it and accelerates melt; this links directly to the Atmospheric Science aerosol work.

Mass balance & GLOF risk

Field monitoring of glacier change feeding open assessments of downstream flood risk.

Current status

Planned. The methods build directly on HICS's muon and atmospheric programmes; field work follows instrument readiness.